Southern European [Picea abies] forests

Outlying [Picea abies] formations of the Apennines, the southern Dinarides, the Balkan Range and the Rhodopides, at the southern limit of the range of the species and mostly south of its continuous range. [Pinus sylvestris] may be present, and undergrowth species may include [Vaccinium myrtillus], [Urtica dioica], [Rubus idaeus], [Bruckenthalia spiculifolia], [Poa nemoralis], [Daphne oleoides], [Calamagrostis arundinacea] and [Fragaria vesca].