Bay willow carrs

Medium-tall woods and brushes colonizing fens, marshy floodplains and fringes of lakes and ponds, dominated by the relatively large [Salix pentandra], particularly characteristic of boreal, sub-boreal and subcontinental Europe, from northern England through Scandinavia, northeastern Germany, Poland, the Baltic States to Bashkiria in the northeast, to the Bohemian quadrangle, the Alpine piedmont of Bavaria and Hungary in the south, with outposts in the Netherlands, in subcontinental western Europe to the Black Forest and the Baar plateau, in continental southern Europe to Bulgaria. Species [Phragmites australis], [Carex pseudocyperus], [Glyceria maxima], [Equisetum fluviatile] and [Menyanthes trifoliata] are typical.