Grey willow carrs

Mesotrophic or eutrophic low woods and scrubs colonizing fens, marshy floodplains and fringes of lakes and ponds, dominated by [Salix cinerea], [Salix pentandra], [Salix aurita] or, sometimes, [Salix atrocinerea], alone or in association with [Frangula alnus], [Rhamnus catharticus], [Alnus glutinosa] or [Betula pubescens], any of which may, at times, dominate the upper canopy. [Phragmites australis], [Carex elata], [Scirpus sylvaticus], [Menyanthes trifoliata] are typical for the herb layer.