Moesian lilac thickets

Xerothermic tall shrub communities of the middle and eastern Balkan peninsula, widespread in hills and low mountains of the Southern and Eastern Carpathians, the Balkan Range, the Moeso-Macedonian Mountains, the Rhodopides, the Pelagonides, within the zone of Quercion frainetto, the Fagion moesiacum, the Fagion dacicum, and, locally, the Ostryo-Carpinion, rich in continental Moesian species, dominated by, or with a great abundance of, [Syringa vulgaris]. [Cotinus coggygria], [Rhus coriaria], [Genista lydia], [Cercis siliquastrum], [Coronilla emerus], [Colutea arborescens], [Prunus mahaleb], [Prunus cerasifera], [Prunus cocomilia], [Pyrus amygdaliformis], [Crataegus monogyna], [Rosa sempervirens], [Rosa canina], [Rosa rubiginosa], [Euonymus] spp., [Cornus mas], [Cornus sanguinea], [Ligustrum vulgare], [Clematis vitalba], [Rhamnus saxatilis], [Corylus] spp., [Acer] spp., [Fraxinus ornus], [Carpinus orientalis], [Quercus] spp. may contribute to the shrub layer. [Achillea clypeolata], [Asperula rumelica], [Asperula tenella], [Asyneuma anthericoides], [Delphinium fissum], [Dianthus giganteus], [Echinops bannaticus], [Eryngium palmatum], [Hypericum rochelii], [Inula verbascifolia ssp. aschersoniana], [Jasione heldreichii], [Piptatherum holciforme], [Paeonia peregrina], [Salvia ringens], [Scabiosa columbaria], [Scutellaria velenovskyi], [Stachys recta], [Symphytum ottomanum] are characteristic of the herb layer.