Sardinian holm-oak forests

Lower and upper meso-Mediterranean [Quercus ilex] forests of Sardinia with [Viburnum tinus], [Phillyrea angustifolia], [Phillyrea latifolia], [Rhamnus alaternus], [Arbutus unedo], [Erica arborea], [Ruscus aculeatus], [Crataegus monogyna], [Rubia peregrina], [Smilax aspera], [Clematis flammula], [Clematis cirrhosa], [Clematis vitalba], [Rosa sempervirens], [Tamus communis], [Rubus ulmifolius], [Cyclamen repandum], [Carex hallerana], [Carex distachya], [Luzula forsteri], [Hedera helix], [Lonicera implexa] and [Pistacia lentiscus] in more thermo-Mediterranean areas. Extensive, fully developed, mature stands survive in particular in the hinterland of the Golfo di Orosei, around Mount Gennargentu, in the Barbagia, the Iglesiente, the Sarrabus, the Catena di Margine, on Monte Albo. They occupy a wide altitudinal range, grading at the upper limit into the more sub-Mediterranean formations of unit 45.32.