Boreal swamp alder woods

Swamp woods of the Scandinavian lowlands dominated by [Alnus glutinosa] and [Alnus incana] with a shrub layer dominated by [Alnus] spp., [Betula pubescens] and various [Salix] spp. The field layer, sometimes very sparse, includes [Filipendula ulmaria], [Epilobium palustre], [Galium palustre], [Iris pseudacorus], [Lysimachia thyrsiflora], [Lysimachia vulgaris], [Viola palustris], [Calla palustris], [Thelypteris palustris], [Carex canescens], [Carex Elongata], [Carex rostrata], [Calamagrostis canescens], [Deschampsia cespitosa]. The ground layer, of mosses and sphagnums, is very poorly developed.