Pannonic dune open grasslands

More or less open grasslands constituting the second stage of succession in the colonisation of Pannonic dunes, dominated by the perennial grasses [Festuca vaginata], [Stipa capillata], [Stipa borysthenica], [Cleistogenes serotina], [Koeleria glauca], [Koeleria cristata], [Carex liparocarpos], accompanied by [Euphorbia seguierana], [Alkanna tinctoria], [Alyssum montanum ssp. gmelinii], [Dianthus serotinus], [Dianthus diutinus], [Gypsophila paniculata], [Scabiosa ochroleuca], [Astragalus austriacus], [Astragalus onobrychis], [Erysimum diffusum], [Fumana procumbens], [Minuartia glomerata], [Minuartia verna]; arid sites on flattened plains are characterized by the abundance of lichens and have [Helechrysum arenarium] and [Kochia laniflora]; thermic slopes and tops of dunes support an open community with the shrub [Fumana procumbens], [Astragalus varius], [Helianthemum nummularium], [Scabiosa ochroleuca]; somewhat water-retentive depressions are characterized by [Scirpus holoschoenus] and [Linum hirsutum ssp. glabrescens]; shrub colonisation includes [Juniperus communis], [Berberis vulgaris] and [Salix rosmarinifolia]. Decalcified dune tops and slopes may support more acidophilous formations dominated by [Corynephorus canescens], with [Jasione montana] and [Rumex acetosella ssp. tenuifolia], but also with many species of the calcareous sandy grasslands, including [Festuca vaginata] and [Koeleria glauca].