Troglobiont vertebrate caves

Caves harbouring communities that include troglobic amphibians or fish, limited worldwide to a very small number of highly distinctive organisms, mostly relict forms of extremely limited distribution, including 15 species of amphibians, limited to North America and Europe, and about 38 species of fishes belonging to 13 families, notably, Cyprinidae, Gobiidae, Bythitidae, Pimelodidae, Characidae, Cobitidae, Amblyopsidae, Clariidae, Ictaluridae, Trichomycteridae, Ophidiidae, Synbranchidae. Palaearctic representatives include a unique amphibian, as well as cyprinids and gobiid fishes.