Balkano-Hellenic deciduous thickets

Varied, often species-rich, shrub formations of the temperate and sub-Mediterranean belts of the Southern and Eastern Carpathians, the Balkan Range, the Moeso-Macedonian Mountains, the Rhodopides, the Pelagonides, the Pindus, the Thessalian Mountains and adjacent regions, accompanied by a flora of mostly Moesian affinities, substitution formations of Quercion frainetto (unit 41.76), Fagion hellenicum (unit 41.1A) and, locally, Ostryo-Carpinion aegeicum (unit 41.73) climax forests, generally dominated by, or rich in, [Carpinus orientalis], [Syringa vulgaris], [Paliurus spina-christi], [Cotinus coggygria] or [Rhus coriaria].