Alpigenic high mountain [Empetrum - Vaccinium] heaths

Dwarf heaths of alliances [Loiseleurio-Vaccinion] and [Juncion trifidi] dominated by [Empetrum hermaphroditum], [Empetrum nigrum] and [Vaccinium] spp., with [Arctostaphylos alpinus], [Calluna vulgaris], [Festuca supina], [Avenula versicolor]; lycopodes ([Huperzia selago], [Diphasiastrum alpinum]), mosses ([Barbilophozia lycopodioides], [Hylocomium splendens], [Pleurozium schreberi], [Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus]) and lichens ([Cetraria islandica], [Cladonia] spp., [Peltigera aphthosa]) of the subalpine belt of the Alps, the Carpathians, the Dinarides, the Pyrenees, the Central Massif, the Sudeten, the Jura, the Northern Apennines, characteristic of relatively windswept, snow-free stations, in frost-exposure situations that are, however, less extreme than those prevailing where communities of unit F2.21 dominate. Unlike the formations of F2.21, those of F2.24 are clearly two-layered.